#!/bin/bash # lvm-usage.sh VERSION="4.62.2 [06 Aug 2026]" THIS=$(basename "$0") COLUMNS=$(stty size 2>/dev/null||echo 80); COLUMNS=${COLUMNS##* } PARTEDUNIT="compact" while getopts ":bdfhilqw" optname; do case "$optname" in "b") BYTES=" (start/end/size in bytes)"; PARTEDUNIT="B";; "d") DEBUG="y";; "f") FULL="y";; "h") HELP="y";; "i") ASCII="-i";; "l") CHANGELOG="y";; "q") QUIET=1;; "w") COLUMNS=30000;; #suppress line-breaking "?") echo "Unknown option $OPTARG"; exit 1;; ":") echo "No argument value for option $OPTARG"; exit 1;; *) # Should not occur echo "Unknown error while processing options"; exit 1;; esac done shift $((OPTIND-1)) [ -z "$QUIET" ] && echo -e "\n$THIS v$VERSION by Dominic (try -h for help)\n${THIS//?/=}\n" if [ -n "$HELP" ];then echo -e "For GNU/Linux systems using LVM (Logical Volume Management), \ shows usage of: - LVM Physical Volumes (PVs) - LVM Volume Groups (VGs) - LVM Logical Volumes (LVs) And for all systems (using LVM or not) it shows usage of: - Mounted filesystems - Physical disk partitions It also gives a localised example showing how space could be added using \ LVM. When run with \ '-q' option it will be silent unless any filesystem's level of usage \ is over the specified percent_trigger, and so it can be used to issue \ a warning if running out of space. With '-f' option, it shows in a tree format the usage of the filesystem \ (if any) that is above percent_trigger level or, if none, then /home. Suggested use is as a cron job with e.g. -q 75 (percent_trigger is ignored \ without -q switch.) Note that if run with '-f' option it can take many \ minutes to complete. All sizes are reported in binary quantities e.g. gibibytes i.e. powers of \ 1024 not 1000. Oh, and it runs happily on systems that do not have or use LVM, too. Usage : $THIS [options] [percent_trigger] Example : sudo ./$THIS -q 85 Options : -b show size and location of physical partitions in bytes -f show full tree usage of the first volume with usage over percent_trigger (default /home) -h shows these instructions and exit -i use ascii characters for tree -l show changelog and exit -q suppress output unless usage is over percent_trigger (default 0%) Dependencies: awk bash coreutils grep linux-utils parted sed optional:util-linux_(for_lsblk) License: Copyright © 2026 Dominic Raferd. Licensed under the Apache License, \ Version 2.0 (the \"License\"); you may not use this file except in compliance \ with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at \ https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0. Unless required by applicable \ law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is \ distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY \ KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language \ governing permissions and limitations under the License. "|fold -sw"$COLUMNS" fi if [[ -n $CHANGELOG ]];then [[ -n $HELP ]] && echo "Changelog:" echo -e "\ 4.62 [21 Dec 2025] - include /dev/loop, but exclude all read-only, mounted filesystems 4.61 [22 Sep 2025] - bugfix - misnamed mounted folders with dashes in names 4.60 [03 Apr 2025] - bugfixes - do not show multiple segments of each LV, improved layout 4.51 [05 May 2024] - bugfix for sdnx_crypt devices 4.50 [03 May 2024] - bugfix for nvme devices, closer shellcheck compliance, stop using swapon --summary, better lv name identification 4.42 [11 Sep 2023] - stop having lines in body that end in a colon (attempt to prevent breaking DKIM) 4.41 [19 Jan 2021] - limit line length (when listing directory contents) so if output is emailed it does not break DKIM 4.40 [18 May 2020] - alter -f so (a) it is based on the first-listed volume that was over percent_trigger, default /home, rather than only ever /home, and (b) it excludes directories on different file systems 4.34 [01 Aug 2018] - bugfix, with newer 'df' was always remounting /tmp 4.33 [16 Sep 2017] - ignore loop devices in listing of physical devices 4.32 [28 Oct 2016] - ignore /dev/loop devices 4.31 [11 Aug 2016] - add name and ip of machine to output 4.30 [18 Mar 2016] - remove all use of fdisk to make GPT-disk-compatible 4.26 [14 Dec 2015] - don't warn about 'full' iso9660 fs 4.25 [22 Sep 2015] - add -i option 4.24 [18 Aug 2015] - fix some PATH problems on some os (e.g. Centos 5), \ restore ability to work without lsblk (also missing on Centos 5) 4.23 [21 Jul 2015] - add swap info and include all filesystems 4.22 [20 Jul 2015] - output layout improvement 4.21 [04 May 2015] - corrected/simplified list of dependencies 4.20 [04 Apr 2015] - consistently use powers of 1024, lsblk instead of fdisk 4.14 [16 Mar 2015] - simplified/improved resizing example 4.13 [26 Feb 2015] - add example for resizing with btrfs 4.12 [21 Feb 2015] - minor layout improvement 4.11 [03 Feb 2015] - include tmpfs filesystems in report 4.10 [16 Jan 2015] - use mktemp, recreate/mount /tmp read-write if it is currently read-only 4.03 [05 Mar 2014] - remove extraneous sudo 4.02 [02 Mar 2014] - improved layout 4.0110 [10 Jan 2014] - minor fix 3.1117 [17 Nov 2013] - also exclude tmpfs & devtmpfs \ filesystems, add listing of physical partitions 3.0611 [11 June 2013] - also exclude shmfs filesystems 2.0807 [07 Aug 2012] - also exclude ecryptfs filesystems from output 2.0717 [17 Jul 2012] - minor correction for output wording 2.0513 [13 May 2012] - improved example text 2.0430 [30 Apr 2012] - when analysing /home, show files + directories over 1GB 2.0426 [26 Apr 2012] - improved example text 2.0417 [19 Apr 2012] - improved localised example for adding PV to VG 2.0412 [12 Apr 2012] - correctly remove temporary files in quiet mode 2.0219 [19 Feb 2012] - work smoothly if no LVM-mapped filesystems, bugfix, improved help, rename as 'lvm-usage.sh' 2.0216 [16 Feb 2012] - change -f fast option to -f full 2.0214 [14 Feb 2012] - exclude 'iso9660', include 'none' filesystems 2.0209 [09 Feb 2012] - provide localised examples in help text, add listing and checking of non-LVM filesystems 2.0125 [25 Jan 2012] - minor correction in help text 2.0117 [17 Jan 2012] - trivial elucidation in help text 2.0106 [06 Jan 2012] - fix for VG containing dash in name, add -f option 1.1231 [31 Dec 2011] - changed text "|fold -sw"$COLUMNS" fi [[ -n $HELP$CHANGELOG ]] && exit 0 # in some systems the path requirements may not be met for PATHREQ in /sbin /usr/sbin; do [[ -z $(echo "$PATH"|awk -F: -v PATHREQ=$PATHREQ '{for (i=1;i<=NF;i++) {if ($i==PATHREQ) print $i}}') ]] && PATH="$PATH:$PATHREQ" done [[ -n $DEBUG ]] && echo "PATH is: '$PATH'" if [[ -n $1 ]]; then percent_trigger=$1 shift else percent_trigger=101 fi # check we are running as root [[ $(id -u) != 0 ]] && echo -e "Sorry, $THIS must be run as root\n">&2 && exit 1 [[ -z $QUIET ]] && echo -e "Run on: $(hostname) $(hostname -I)\nRun at: $(date -R)\nAll information in powers of 1024 (i.e. Gibibytes etc)\n" # check if /tmp is writeable - if not mount rw - useful in recovery mode where /tmp is inside read-only root LVM volume # SEEK is the mountpoint for /tmp # inspect the mountpoint line in /proc/mounts and look for it being mounted 'ro' i.e. read-only awk -v SEEK="$(df -P /tmp 2>/dev/null|awk '{if (NR>1) print $NF}')" '{if ($2==SEEK && substr($4,1,3)=="ro,") exit 1}' /proc/mounts || { mount -t tmpfs tmpfs /tmp && { MADE_RW_TMP="y"; echo "Remounted /tmp as read-write"; } ; } TMPFILE=$(mktemp -u) # 'mapper' filter picks up LVM volumes, 'Avail' picks up header row, # sed command remaps the long-form mapping 'dev/mapper/timedicer-home' # to '/dev/timedicer/home' # check if any mounted LVM filesystems [[ $(df -TPh 2>/dev/null|sed '2,${/\/dev\/mapper\//!d}'|wc -l) -lt 2 ]] && NOLVM="y" # get list of all filesystems, remove some we are not interested in and make some text changes mount|grep -F "(ro,"|cut -d' ' -f1|sed 's/^/^/;s/\./\\./g;s/$/ /' >"${TMPFILE}4" df -TPh 2>/dev/null | grep -vf "${TMPFILE}4" >"${TMPFILE}2" swapon --show --bytes|tail -n +2|awk '{printf "%s %s",$1,"swap"; printf " %.1fG %.1fG %.1fG %.0f%% %s\n",$3/(1024^3),$4/(1024^3),($3-$4)/(1024^3),(100*$4/$3),$5}'|sort -rnk8 >>"${TMPFILE}2" sed -i '/^\/dev\/mapper/!{s/ / No /};/^\/dev\/mapper/{s@/mapper@@;s@--@ZZ@g;s@-@/@;s@ZZ@-@g;s/ / Yes /};1{s/ No / LVM /;s/Avail/Available/;s/%//;s/ed on$/\/Priority/}' "${TMPFILE}2" TRIGGERED_VOL=$(awk -v trig="$percent_trigger" '{if ( NR>1 && substr($7,1,length($7)-1)+0 >= trig && $3!="iso9660" ) {print $8; exit} }' "${TMPFILE}2") [[ -n $DEBUG ]] && echo "\$TRIGGERED_VOL: '$TRIGGERED_VOL'" [[ -n $TRIGGERED_VOL && $percent_trigger -lt 101 ]] && echo -e "Warning! One or more filesystems on $(uname -n) is/are ${percent_trigger}% or more full" && unset QUIET [ -n "$QUIET" ] && { [ -z "$DEBUG" ] && rm -- "${TMPFILE}2"; exit; } [ -n "$MADE_RW_TMP" ] && echo -e "Note: created writeable /tmp as tmpfs\n" # for Physical Volumes and Volume Groups we show 'G' for gigabytes 1024 format - unlike pvs/vgs which use 'G' for 1000 format - our style matches that of df -h if [ -n "$NOLVM" ]; then echo "No LVM-based filesystems found" else echo -e "LVM -" pvs -o pv_name,pv_size,pv_free,vg_name,pv_attr 2>/dev/null|sed '1{s/PV/Physical_Volume(PV)/;s/VG/Volume_Group(VG)/;s/PS/S/;s/PF/F/;};1!{s/\([0-9]\)g\(\b\)/\1G\2/g}' >"${TMPFILE}5" LASTPVSDRIVE=$(pvs 2>/dev/null|tail -n 1|awk '{print $1}'|awk -F/ '{print $NF}') # shellcheck disable=SC2059 case $LASTPVSDRIVE in md) NEXTPVSDRIVE=${LASTPVSDRIVE:0:2}$((${LASTPVSDRIVE:2}+1));; sd*) NEXTPVSDRIVE=${LASTPVSDRIVE:0:2}$(printf "\x$(($(echo -n "${LASTPVSDRIVE:2:1}"|od -A n -t x1|awk '{print $1}')+1))")${LASTPVSDRIVE:3};; nvme0n*) NEXTPVSDRIVE=${LASTPVSDRIVE:0:6}$((${LASTPVSDRIVE:6:1}+1))p1;; esac # shellcheck disable=SC2129 echo >>"${TMPFILE}5" vgs -o name,size,free 2>/dev/null|sed '1{s/VG/Volume_Group(VG)/;s/VS/S/;s/VF/F/};1!{s/\([0-9]\)g\(\b\)/\1G\2/g}' >>"${TMPFILE}5" # note use of "sed 's/([0-9]\+) * / /'|uniq" to remove (IMO confusing) segment information lvs -o lv_path,lv_size,devices,vg_name|sed '1{s/VG/Volume_Group(VG)/;s/LS/S/;s/Path/\nLogical_Volume(LV)/};1!{s/([0-9]\+) * / /;s/\([0-9]\)g\(\b\)/\1G\2/g}'|uniq >>"${TMPFILE}5" column --keep-empty-lines --table "${TMPFILE}5" | sed 's/^/ /' fi echo -e "\nMounted filesystems and swap -" <"${TMPFILE}2" column -t|sed 's/^/ /' # now show physical partitions of all disks (not LVM) echo -e "\nPhysical disk partitions:$BYTES" if hash lsblk 2>/dev/null && [[ -z $BYTES ]]; then # shellcheck disable=SC2086 # ASCII is unset or the literal flag "-i"; quoting would pass an empty-string arg to lsblk lsblk $ASCII -o NAME,FSTYPE,SIZE,MOUNTPOINT|sed '1{s/.*/\L&/; s/[a-z]*/\u&/g;s/Fstype/Type /;s/point//};/^loop/d;s/^/ /;/sr[0-9]/d' else parted --list 2>/dev/null|grep -E "^Disk /dev/[mhs]d"|awk -F "[ :]" '{print $2}'|xargs -I {} parted {} unit $PARTEDUNIT print|grep -Ev '^(Model:|Sector|Partition|Disk Flags|$)'|sed 's/File system/Filesystem/;/Disk */{s/Disk //;s/:/: _ _ /};s/\([0-9]\)B /\1 /g;;s/\([0-9]\)B$/\1/g'|column -t|awk '{if (NR==1) {SAVE1=$0} else if (NR==2) {print $0"\n"SAVE1} else if ($1!="Number") print $0}'|sed '/^\/dev/s/_/ /g;s/^/ /' fi if [[ -z $NOLVM ]]; then echo -e "\nLocalised example to add space with LVM -" # use the first listed VG as example EXAMPLEVG=$(vgs -o name|sed -n '2s/^ *//p') [[ -z $EXAMPLEVG ]] && EXAMPLEVG="myvg" # use 'home' LV example if it exists, otherwise 'root', otherwise the first listed LV of this vg for SEDLV in "/dev\/$EXAMPLEVG\/home/" "/dev\/$EXAMPLEVG\/root/" "/dev\/$EXAMPLEVG\//" "2"; do #echo "SEDLV: $SEDLV" [[ -n $EXAMPLELV ]] && break EXAMPLELV=$(sed -n "${SEDLV}s/\([^ ]*\).*/\1/p;t" "${TMPFILE}2") done [[ -z $EXAMPLELV ]] && EXAMPLELV="/dev/$EXAMPLEVG/mylv" EXAMPLELVNAME=$(basename "$EXAMPLELV") echo -e "\ # This example assumes '/dev/$NEXTPVSDRIVE' exists, is unused and has blank or # expendable content. If '/dev/$NEXTPVSDRIVE' is a partition it should preferably # be marked as type lvm e.g. with parted. # # Initialise '/dev/$NEXTPVSDRIVE' as new PV and add it to VG '$EXAMPLEVG': $ sudo vgextend $EXAMPLEVG /dev/$NEXTPVSDRIVE # Make sure LVM has the new configuration: $ sudo vgscan # Allocate 20G free VG space to LV '$EXAMPLELVNAME' & resize filesystem: $ sudo lvextend -L+20G -r $EXAMPLELV" fi if [ -n "$FULL" ]; then [[ -z $TRIGGERED_VOL ]] && TRIGGERED_VOL=/home echo -e "\nGathering information about $TRIGGERED_VOL..." du -axh "$TRIGGERED_VOL" >"${TMPFILE}1" LEVELS=$(echo "$TRIGGERED_VOL"|awk -F/ '{print NF}') [[ $TRIGGERED_VOL != "/" ]] && (( LEVELS++ )) [[ -n $DEBUG ]] && echo "\$LEVELS: '$LEVELS'" echo -e "\\nLarge directories in $TRIGGERED_VOL (>1G) -">>"${TMPFILE}3" grep -E "^[1-9][0-9.]*G" "${TMPFILE}1"|sort -t$'\t' -bk2|awk -F "\t|/" '{printf $1 "\t"; x=3; while (x<=(NF-1)) {printf " "; x++}; x=3; while (x<=NF) {printf "/" $x; x++} print ""}'|cut -c 1-998 >>"${TMPFILE}3" cat "${TMPFILE}3" fi if [[ -n ${TMPFILE} ]]; then if [[ -z $DEBUG ]]; then rm -- "${TMPFILE}"* else echo "Debug mode: retained:"; ls -l "${TMPFILE}"*|sed 's/^/ /' fi fi